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Author by : Xia Li
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2022-03-30
Publisher by : Frontiers Media SA

ISBN : 9782889747764

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Author by : Xiaofang Che
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2023-06-15
Publisher by : Frontiers Media SA

ISBN : 9782832526101

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer, seriously threaten the health of human beings worldwide with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The clinical successes achieved with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have opened a new cancer therapy era and brought new hope to cancer patients. However, the overall response rate (ORR) of ICI monotherapy in the non-selective population is only about 20%, in which some patients subsequently develop immunotherapy resistance. Moreover, the remaining 70-80% of patients displayed primary resistance to ICIs, and a few patients even experienced hyper progression disease (HPD). Although PD-L1 expression, mismatch repair deficient (MMRd), high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) , high homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and tumor infiltrated immune cells (TILs) are known as effective biomarkers for immunotherapy, growing studies have reported that ICIs could not improve the OS of all patients with PD-L1 expression higher than 50%, and the ORR of MSI-H patients was only about 60%, whereas some patients with low PD-L1 expression or MSS could still benefit from immunotherapy, indicating the complexity of ICI resistance. Therefore, it is of great importance and significance to explore the prediction biomarkers for primary or acquired immunotherapy resistance and elucidate their underlying molecular mechanisms and develop reversal strategies. Due to the multiple steps of the cancer immune cycle and complex immune microenvironment, any disorders of immune cell infiltration or T cell activation, such as lack of antigens and/or their presentation, lack of response to antigen presentation, and T cell priming, could contribute to ICI resistance. The combination with anti-angiogenesis therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other ICIs has improved the efficacy of ICI therapy to some extent in the clinic. Although numerous studies related to ICI resistance were reported in GI cancers, due to the strong spatial/temporal heterogeneity and the complex immune microenvironment in different kinds of GI cancers and different individuals, many questions about ICI resistance and reversal strategies remain unsolved. The aim of this Research Topic is to provide a forum to exhibit the latest research achievement related to the exploration of biomarkers for immunotherapy resistance including HPD and the underlying molecular mechanisms, as well as the development of reversal strategies in GI cancers. We hope this Research Topic will lead to a better understanding of precision cancer immunotherapy and provide useful clues for clinical application to benefit more GI cancer patients with immunotherapy....

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Author by : Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2020-10-07
Publisher by : Springer Nature

ISBN : 9783030484057

Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies account for a large portion of cancers worldwide. Although incidence of esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers has decreased in recent years, pancreatic and liver cancer have increased. The mainstay of GI cancer therapy is chemoradiation and surgery. Despite significant medical advancements, diagnosis and therapy for GI cancers remain challenging due to tumor cell resistance to chemoradiotherapy. The tumor’s increased cell signalling due to excessive transcription factor activation and increased stellate cell activity leads to collagen deposition formation of a dense stroma around the tumor, which prevents drugs from reaching the malignant cells. This leads to tumor chemoresistance. To circumvent these difficulties, drug therapy targeting the tumor’s specific microenvironment and the additive anticancer effect of phytochemicals can allow for more effective treatment. This volume will be the first on the market on the topic of phytochemicals and their effect on the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME is an emerging area of research and the book will be a welcome introductory addition to the field....

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Author by : Chi Hin Cho
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2020-05-24
Publisher by : Academic Press

ISBN : 9780128199381

Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies, Volume Eight, summarizes the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in colorectal cancer, along with the most up-to-date therapeutic strategies available. The book discusses reasons why colorectal tumors become refractory during the progression of the disease, but also explains how drug resistance occurs during chemotherapy. In addition, users will find the current therapeutic strategies used by clinicians in their practice in treating colorectal cancer. The combination of conventional anticancer drugs with chemotherapy-sensitizing agents plays a pivotal role in improving the outcome of colorectal cancer patients, in particular those with drug-resistant cancer cells. From a clinical point-of-view, the content of this book provides clinicians with updated therapeutic strategies for a better choice of drugs for drug-resistant colorectal cancer patients. It will be a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists and several members of biomedical field who are dedicated to better treat patients with colorectal cancer. Presents a systemic summary of molecular mechanisms for a quick and in-depth understanding Updates current trends in the field with pioneering information on drug resistance Encompasses both basic and clinical approaches for a better understanding of unsolved problems from a holistic point-of-view...

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Author by : Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2020-10-01
Publisher by : Springer Nature

ISBN : 9789811554711

This book provides an up-to-date overview of gastrointestinal malignancies, including prevention, early detection, intervention, and life-extending therapeutics. It also assesses various biomarkers used for diagnostics, prognostics and prediction of response to chemoresistance. Further, it discusses the latest trends in the use of small-molecule targeted therapies and immunotherapies as single agents or combination with other treatments. Since resistance to radiation and chemotherapy contribute to the high recurrence and poor survival rates, improving the outcome for GI malignancies is dependent on the introduction of new biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Lastly, the book systematically investigates novel theranostics approaches using nanotechnology for the detection, diagnosis, and personalized treatment of GI malignancies....

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Author by : Zequn Li
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2023-11-17
Publisher by : Frontiers Media SA

ISBN : 9782832538982

Significant changes in diet, environment, and population increase gastrointestinal cancer morbidity. A growing number of novel biomarkers and underlying mechanisms are being elucidated, some of which may even conflict with assumptions of past decades. Therefore, collecting recent findings on novel diagnostic/prognostic factors, biomarkers, and/or risk factors in gastrointestinal cancers is a prerequisite for a better understanding of the disease. Despite remarkable progressions in surgical treatments and chemotherapies, the prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer is far from satisfactory due to the high occurrence of drug resistance. Based on the identification of novel biomarkers as well as their underlying mechanisms, targeted drug development will provide significant complementary therapeutic effects to conventional chemoradiotherapies. High-throughput methods such as next-generation sequencing on RNA level and mass spectrometry on protein/lipid/metabolite level serve as efficient strategies for biomarker identification and drug development. This Research Topic aims at presenting recent advances on gastrointestinal cancer biomarkers and their underlying functional mechanisms, providing a better understanding of carcinogenesis, tumor progression, tumor relapse, as well as drug resistance. This will subsequently contribute to the development of novel therapeutic interventions targeting gastrointestinal cancers, thus improving patients' outcomes....

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Author by : Amit Kumar Tyagi
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2016-12
Publisher by : Nova Science Publishers

ISBN : 1536101680

Gastrointestinal cancer is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. Gastrointestinal cancer is the cancer of different organs within the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. The common cause of gastrointestinal cancer may be a microbial infection, smoking, alcohol consumption, highly fatty foods, age, race, genetic pattern and geographical location. Gastrointestinal cancer accounts more than 20 percent of all newly diagnosed cancer cases in the United States, where gastric cancer is the fourth-most-common type of cancer and the second-highest cause of cancer deaths. Pancreatic cancer is also a very lethal cancer, and its symptoms appear when the cancer is in its advanced stages. Other gastrointestinal cancers including liver (hepatic), gallbladder, and colorectal cancer; these types of cancer have received considerable attention due to their rising incidences in last few decades. Some other gastrointestinal cancers are not very common and usually associated with cancer of respective organs such as esophageal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct cancer, carcinoid tumor, pancreatic islet cell cancer, and duodenal cancer. This book provides a summary of the past, present and future of gastrointestinal cancer history. In this book, numerous international experts of gastrointestinal cancer are discussed, where authors have provided a complete view of the most common and widely used diagnostic methods. Additionally, the authors also explain the unusual techniques and the most innovative complementary methods not yet used in clinical practice. Contributors have also described the latest findings and the various clinical manifestations related to gastrointestinal cancer prevention and treatment. It covers numerous discoveries and inventions in the field of gastrointestinal cancer detection and analysis....

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Author by : Vincent T. DeVita
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2016-03-18
Publisher by : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

ISBN : 9781496354181

Selected from the world’s leading comprehensive cancer textbook, this tightly focused resource provides you with the practical, cutting-edge information you need to provide the best cancer care to each patient. Colon and Other Gastrointestinal Cancers: Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 10th Edition, offers a comprehensive and balanced view of this rapidly changing field, meeting the needs of oncology practitioners, fellows, and others who need an in-depth understanding of colon and GI cancer. The print reference gives you the solid, dependable guidance you’ve come to expect from this outstanding title, and the Inkling version features new quarterly updates written by a team of experts selected by the authors....

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Author by : Peixin Dong
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2022-07-13
Publisher by : Frontiers Media SA

ISBN : 9782889762750

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Author by : Shaoquan Zheng
Languange Used : en
Release Date : 2023-09-29
Publisher by : Frontiers Media SA

ISBN : 9782832534694

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